What Are Passive Fire Curtains?

Passive fire curtains are fire-resistant barriers that automatically deploy to prevent the spread of fire and smoke within a building. Unlike active fire protection systems (such as sprinklers), passive fire curtains do not require human intervention or external power sources to operate. They remain hidden within the structure until triggered by heat or smoke, at which point they descend to create a protective barrier.

Types of Passive Fire Curtains

Vertical Fire Curtains:

• Deployed from the ceiling downwards.
• Commonly used in open-plan areas, lobbies, and atriums.
• Ideal for protecting stairwells, elevator shafts, and entrances.

Horizontal Fire Curtains:

• Deployed across horizontal openings, such as between floors.
• Suitable for buildings with multiple stories, ensuring fire does not spread vertically.
• Often used in places like shopping malls and airports.

Smoke Curtains:

• Specifically designed to contain and channel smoke away from escape routes.
• Deployed similarly to fire curtains but are optimised for smoke rather than fire containment.

How Do Passive Fire Curtains Work?

Passive fire curtains are typically installed within the ceiling or wall structure, concealed from view when not in use. They are activated automatically by the building's fire alarm system or when sensors detect heat or smoke. Once triggered, the curtains descend to create a barrier that resists fire and smoke for a specified duration, usually between 30 minutes to 4 hours, depending on the curtain’s rating.

The materials used in fire curtains are non-combustible and are engineered to withstand extreme temperatures without compromising their integrity. Additionally, fire curtains are designed to remain stable and intact even under high-pressure conditions caused by the fire.

Compliance and Regulatory Standards

Ensuring that passive fire curtains comply with relevant fire safety regulations is critical for the safety of building occupants and legal adherence.

Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005:

In England and Wales, all fire curtains must comply with the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. This legislation places a responsibility on building owners and managers to ensure that adequate fire safety measures are in place, including the use of certified fire curtains.

BS 8524 Compliance:

• BS 8524 is the British Standard for fire curtains, ensuring they meet strict safety and performance criteria.
• Certification under BS 8524 confirms that fire curtains have been rigorously tested for fire resistance, durability, and reliability, making them a dependable part of a building's fire safety strategy.

Benefits of Passive Fire Curtains

• Space-Saving: Unlike fire doors or other physical barriers, fire curtains do not occupy valuable space when not in use, making them ideal for modern architectural designs.
• Aesthetically Pleasing: Concealed installation ensures that fire curtains do not disrupt the aesthetic appeal of a building’s interior.
• Flexibility in Design: Fire curtains can be tailored to fit a wide range of architectural openings, from large atriums to small corridors.
• Enhanced Safety: By compartmentalising areas, fire curtains help prevent the rapid spread of fire and smoke, giving occupants more time to evacuate safely.
• Regulatory Compliance: Fire curtains that comply with the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 and BS 8524 standards ensure that buildings meet stringent fire safety regulations and provide peace of mind to building owners and occupants.

Installation Considerations

• The installation of passive fire curtains should be considered early in the design phase of a building project. This allows for proper integration with the building’s structure and fire safety systems.
• Also, ensure that the structure can support the weight and operation of the fire curtains. The mounting points and paths for deployment must be clear of obstructions.
• Fire curtains should be integrated with other fire protection systems, such as alarms, sprinklers, and smoke detectors, to ensure coordinated activation.
• Finally, depending on the building’s design, custom fire curtain solutions may be necessary. This might include specialised materials or bespoke sizing.

Maintenance and Testing

• Regular maintenance and testing of passive fire curtains are essential to ensuring their reliability in an emergency. Here are some key maintenance practices:
• Routine Inspections: Perform visual inspections at least twice a year to check for any signs of wear, damage, or obstructions.
• Operational Testing: Test the deployment mechanism regularly to ensure the curtains descend smoothly and fully cover the intended area.
• Servicing: Engage professional fire protection services like Aleron Fire Protection for annual servicing, which includes a thorough inspection, testing, and any necessary repairs.
• Documentation: Keep detailed records of all inspections, tests, and maintenance activities. This is important for regulatory compliance and ensuring the long-term reliability of the fire curtains.

Contact us

Passive fire curtains are a vital component of a comprehensive fire protection strategy. By understanding their function, benefits, compliance requirements, and maintenance needs, building owners and managers can ensure enhanced safety and adherence to fire safety regulations.

At Aleron Fire Protection, we offer expert consultation, installation, and maintenance services for passive fire curtains, ensuring your building is protected and compliant with the latest standards.

For more information or to discuss your specific fire protection needs, contact Aleron Fire Protection today. Our team of experts is here to help you safeguard your property and occupants with the most advanced fire protection solutions available.

Written by Nicole Abel